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Inlägg #1: Postat: 2007-10-10 22:01:00
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peter_ |
Temat är "What Desires Are Politically Important?" Dock så är den ganska lång och på engelska. Jag ska citera ett stycke på temat behov av spänning:I come now to other motives which, though in a sense less fundamental than those we have been considering, are still of considerable importance. The first of these is love of excitement.
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Inlägg #2: Postat: 2007-10-10 22:01:00
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peter_ |
Human beings show their superiority to the brutes by their capacity for boredom, though I have sometimes thought, in examining the apes at the zoo, that they, perhaps, have the rudiments of this tiresome emotion. However that may be, experience shows that escape from boredom is one of the really powerful desires of almost all human beings.
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Inlägg #3: Postat: 2007-10-10 22:02:00
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peter_ |
When white men first effect contact with some unspoilt race of savages, they offer them all kinds of benefits, from the light of the gospel to pumpkin pie. These, however, much as we may regret it, most savages receive with indifference.
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Inlägg #4: Postat: 2007-10-10 22:02:00
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peter_ |
What they really value among the gifts that we bring to them is intoxicating liquor which enables them, for the first time in their lives, to have the illusion for a few brief moments that it is better to be alive than dead.
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Inlägg #5: Postat: 2007-10-10 22:03:00
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peter_ |
Red Indians, while they were still unaffected by white men, would smoke their pipes, not calmly as we do, but orgiastically, inhaling so deeply that they sank into a faint. And when excitement by means of nicotine failed, a patriotic orator would stir them up to attack a neighbouring tribe, which would give them all the enjoyment that we according to our temperament derive from a horse race or a General Election.
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Inlägg #6: Postat: 2007-10-10 22:04:00
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peter_ |
The pleasure of gambling consists almost entirely in excitement. Monsieur Huc describes Chinese traders at the Great Wall in winter, gambling until they have lost all their cash, then proceeding to lose all their merchandise, and at last gambling away their clothes and going out naked to die of cold.
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Inlägg #7: Postat: 2007-10-10 22:04:00
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peter_ |
With civilized men, as with primitive Red Indian tribes, it is, I think, chiefly love of excitement which makes the populace applaud when war breaks out; the emotion is exactly the same as at a football match, although the results are sometimes somewhat more serious.
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Inlägg #8: Postat: 2007-10-10 22:05:00
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peter_ |
It is not altogether easy to decide what is the root cause of the love of excitement. I incline to think that our mental make-up is adapted to the stage when men lived by hunting. When a man spent a long day with very primitive weapons in stalking a deer with the hope of dinner, and when, at the end of the day, he dragged the carcass triumphantly to his cave, he sank down in contented weariness, while his wife dressed and cooked the meat.
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Inlägg #9: Postat: 2007-10-10 22:06:00
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peter_ |
He was sleepy, and his bones ached, and the smell of cooking filled every nook and cranny of his consciousness. At last, after eating, he sank into deep sleep. In such a life there was neither time nor energy for boredom.
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Inlägg #10: Postat: 2007-10-10 22:06:00
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peter_ |
But when he took to agriculture, and made his wife do all the heavy work in the fields, he had time to reflect upon the vanity of human life, to invent mythologies and systems of philosophy, and to dream of the life hereafter in which he would perpetually hunt the wild boar of Valhalla.
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Inlägg #11: Postat: 2007-10-10 22:06:00
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peter_ |
Our mental make-up is suited to a life of very severe physical labor. I used, when I was younger, to take my holidays walking. I would cover twenty-five miles a day, and when the evening came I had no need of anything to keep me from boredom, since the delight of sitting amply sufficed.
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Inlägg #12: Postat: 2007-10-10 22:07:00
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peter_ |
But modern life cannot be conducted on these physically strenuous principles. A great deal of work is sedentary, and most manual work exercises only a few specialized muscles. When crowds assemble in Trafalgar Square to cheer to the echo an announcement that the government has decided to have them killed, they would not do so if they had all walked twenty-five miles that day.
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Inlägg #13: Postat: 2007-10-10 22:07:00
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peter_ |
This cure for bellicosity is, however, impracticable, and if the human race is to survive - a thing which is, perhaps, undesirable - other means must be found for securing an innocent outlet for the unused physical energy that produces love of excitement.
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Inlägg #14: Postat: 2007-10-10 22:07:00
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peter_ |
This is a matter which has been too little considered, both by moralists and by social reformers. The social reformers are of the opinion that they have more serious things to consider. The moralists, on the other hand, are immensely impressed with the seriousness of all the permitted outlets of the love of excitement; the seriousness, however, in their minds, is that of Sin.
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Inlägg #15: Postat: 2007-10-10 22:08:00
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peter_ |
Dance halls, cinemas, this age of jazz, are all, if we may believe our ears, gateways to Hell, and we should be better employed sitting at home contemplating our sins. I find myself unable to be in entire agreement with the grave men who utter these warnings.
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Inlägg #16: Postat: 2007-10-10 22:08:00
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peter_ |
The devil has many forms, some designed to deceive the young, some designed to deceive the old and serious. If it is the devil that tempts the young to enjoy themselves, is it not, perhaps, the same personage that persuades the old to condemn their enjoyment?
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Inlägg #17: Postat: 2007-10-10 22:09:00
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peter_ |
And is not condemnation perhaps merely a form of excitement appropriate to old age? And is it not, perhaps, a drug which - like opium - has to be taken in continually stronger doses to produce the desired effect? Is it not to be feared that, beginning with the wickedness of the cinema, we should be led step by step to condemn the opposite political party, dagoes, wops, Asiatics, and, in short, everybody except the fellow members of our club?
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Inlägg #18: Postat: 2007-10-10 22:09:00
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peter_ |
And it is from just such condemnations, when widespread, that wars proceed. I have never heard of a war that proceeded from dance halls.
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Inlägg #19: Postat: 2007-10-10 22:09:00
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peter_ |
What is serious about excitement is that so many of its forms are destructive. It is destructive in those who cannot resist excess in alcohol or gambling. It is destructive when it takes the form of mob violence. And above all it is destructive when it leads to war. It is so deep a need that it will find harmful outlets of this kind unless innocent outlets are at hand. There are such innocent outlets at present in sport, and in politics so long as it is kept within constitutional bounds.
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Inlägg #20: Postat: 2007-10-10 22:10:00
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peter_ |
But these are not sufficient, especially as the kind of politics that is most exciting is also the kind that does most harm. Civilized life has grown altogether too tame, and, if it is to be stable, it must provide harmless outlets for the impulses which our remote ancestors satisfied in hunting.
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